CAIRO, Egypt
The number of people dying
because of the civil war in Sudan is significantly higher than previously
reported, according to a new study.
Graves are seen in a residential area in Omdurman, Sudan, November 10, 2024
More than 61,000 people have
died in Khartoum state, where the fighting began last year, according to a
report by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine's Sudan Research
Group.
Of these, 26,000 people were
killed as a direct result of the violence, it said, noting that the leading
cause of death across the Sudan was preventable disease and starvation.
Many more people have died
elsewhere in the country, especially in the western region of Darfur, where
there have been numerous reports of atrocities and ethnic cleansing.
Aid workers say the conflict
in Sudan has created the world's worst humanitarian crisis, with many thousands
at risk of famine.
Until now, the UN and other
aid agencies have been using the figure of 20,000 confirmed deaths.
Because of the fighting and
chaos in the country, there has been no systematic recording of the number of
people killed.
The study comes as a rights
group says French military technology is being used in the conflict, in
violation of a UN arms embargo.
Amnesty International on
Thursday said the Rapid Support Forces militia, which is battling the army, was
using vehicles in Darfur supplied by the United Arab Emirates that are fitted
with French hardware.
"Our research shows that
weaponry designed and manufactured in France is in active use on the
battlefield in Sudan," said Amnesty’s Secretary General Agnès Callamard.
The BBC has asked for comment
from France and the UAE, which has previously denied arming the RSF.
The Galix defence system -
made in France by companies KNDS and Lacroix – is used for land forces to help
counter close-range attacks.
Amnesty said the weapons could
be used to commit or facilitate serious rights violations, adding that the
French government must ensure the companies "immediately stop the supply
of this system to the UAE".
The rights group shared
images, which it said it had verified, of destroyed vehicles on the ground that
had the Galix system visible on them.
It said that the UAE and
France had a long-standing partnership in the defence sector and cited a
parliamentary report indicating that French companies had delivered about 2.6bn
euros ($2.74bn; £2.16bn) in military equipment to the UAE between 2014 and 2023.
It said the companies had a
responsibility to respect human rights and to conduct "due diligence
throughout their entire value chain".
Amnesty says that it had
contacted the affected companies and the French authorities regarding the use
of the defence system but had received no response.
"If France cannot
guarantee through export controls, including end user certification, that arms
will not be re-exported to Sudan, it should not authorise those
transfers," it said.
The UN first imposed an arms
embargo in Darfur in 2004, following allegations of ethnic cleansing against
the region's non-Arabic population.
Amnesty has called for the
embargo to be expanded to the rest of Sudan, and to strengthen its monitoring
mechanism following the outbreak of the civil war.
Amnesty has urged all
countries to stop directly and indirectly supplying arms to Sudan’s fighting
factions.
The paramilitary RSF, led by
general Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, has been at war with Sudan’s regular army under
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan since April 2023 when the two former allies took up arms
against each other in a ferocious power struggle.
The RSF has been accused of
ethnic cleansing in Darfur, which it has denied, blaming local militias.
Both parties have been accused
of committing war crimes, with the ongoing fighting leaving thousands dead and
millions displaced.
In August, a UN-backed
committee of experts declared famine conditions in parts of Darfur.
The head of the World Health
Organization said starvation was "almost everywhere" following a
visit to the country a month later.
"The situation in Sudan
is very alarming... the massive displacement - it's now the largest in the
world, and, of course, famine," director-general Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus then told reporters.
The confluence of war, hunger,
displacement, and disease in Sudan has however been overshadowed
internationally by the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East.
The Sudan Research Group
research found that 90% of the deaths in Khartoum were unrecorded, pointing to
a potentially similar situation in other regions.
Mayson Dahab, the lead researcher, however said they did not have sufficient data to estimate mortality levels in other parts of the country or determine how many deaths in all could be linked to the war.
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