BRUSSELS, Belgium
U.S. President Joe Biden and
world leaders opened a trio of emergency summits on Thursday with a sober
warning from NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg that the alliance must
boost its defenses to counter Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and “respond to a
new security reality in Europe.”President Joe Biden, left, talks with French President Emmanuel Macron and Briitish Prime Minister Boris Johnson, right, as they arrive at NATO Headquarters in Brussels, Thursday, March 24, 2022.
Stoltenberg commented as he
called to order a NATO summit focused on increasing pressure on Russian
President Vladimir Putin over the assault on Ukraine while tending to the
economic and security fallout spreading across Europe and the world.
“We gather at a critical time
for our security,” Stolenberg said, addressing the leaders seated at a large
round table. “We are united in condemning the Kremlin’s unprovoked aggression
and in our support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.”
He said the alliance is
“determined to continue to impose costs on Russia to bring about the end of
this brutal war.”
Over the course of Thursday,
the European diplomatic capital is hosting the emergency NATO summit, a
gathering of the Group of Seven industrialized nations and a summit of the
European Union. Biden will attend all three meetings and hold a news conference
afterward.
The schedule left Brussels
interlaced with multiple police checkpoints and road closures to help
motorcades crisscross the city as the leaders go from one meeting to the next.
Biden arrived late Wednesday
with the hopes of nudging allies to enact new sanctions on Russia, which has
seen its economy crippled by several weeks of bans, boycotts and penalties.
While the West has been
largely unified in confronting Russia after it invaded Ukraine, there’s wide
acknowledgement that unity will be tested as the costs of war chip at the
global economy.
The bolstering of forces along
NATO’s eastern flank, almost certainly for at least the next five to 10 years
if Russia is to be effectively dissuaded, will also put pressure on national
budgets.
“We need to do more, and
therefore we need to invest more. There is a new sense of urgency and I expect
that the leaders will agree to accelerate the investments in defense,”
Stoltenberg said before the summit.
Biden’s national security
adviser, Jake Sullivan, said the U.S. wants to hear “that the resolve and unity
that we’ve seen for the past month will endure for as long as it takes.”
The energy crisis exacerbated
by the war will be a particularly hot topic at the European Council summit,
where leaders from Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece are hoping for an urgent,
coordinated bloc-wide response. EU officials have said they will seek U.S. help
on a plan to top up natural gas storage facilities for next winter, and they
also want the bloc to jointly purchase gas.
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz
has dismissed calls to boycott Russian energy supplies, saying it would cause
significant damage to his country’s economy. Scholz is facing pressure from
environmental activists to quickly wean Germany off Russian energy, but he said
the process will have to be gradual.
“To do so from one day to the
next would mean plunging our country and all of Europe into recession,” Scholz
said Wednesday.
Poland and other eastern flank
NATO countries will also be looking for clarity on how the United States and
fellow European nations can assist in dealing with their growing concerns about
Russian aggression as well as a spiraling refugee crisis. More than 3.5 million
refugees have fled Ukraine in recent weeks, including more than 2 million to
Poland.
Biden is scheduled to visit
Poland on Friday, where both issues are expected to be at the center of talks
with President Andrzej Duda. Another significant moment could come shortly
before Biden returns to Washington on Saturday. The White House said he plans
to “deliver remarks on the united efforts of the free world to support the
people of Ukraine, hold Russia accountable for its brutal war, and defend a
future that is rooted in democratic principles.”
Sullivan said Biden and fellow
leaders would aim to “set out a longer-term game plan” for what forces and
capabilities are going to be required for the alliance’s eastern flank
countries.
Four new NATO battlegroups,
which usually number between 1,000-1,500 troops, are being set up in Hungary,
Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr
Zelenskyy, who is expected to address the NATO summit by video, said late
Wednesday that he wants the alliance to “declare that it will fully assist
Ukraine to win this war” by supplying any weapons necessary.
All the while, national
security officials from Washington to Warsaw are increasingly worried that
Putin might deploy chemical, biological or even nuclear weaponry. Sullivan said
the allies would consult on how to respond to “potential contingencies” of that
sort.
Biden said this week that the
possibility of Russia deploying chemical weapons was a “real threat.”
Stoltenberg declined Thursday
to discuss whether such a strike is a red line that would draw the alliance
into war with Russia. “I will not speculate beyond the fact that NATO is always
ready to defend, to protect and to react to any type of attack on a NATO allied
country,” he said.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry
Peskov in a CNN interview this week said that Russia could consider using its
nuclear weapons if it felt there was “an existential threat for our country.”
Ursula von der Leyen, head of the European Union’s executive arm, said before Biden’s visit that she wants to discuss the possibility of securing extra deliveries of liquefied natural gas from the United States for the 27-nation bloc “for the next two winters.”
The EU imports 90% of the
natural gas used to generate electricity, heat homes and supply industry, with
Russia supplying almost 40% of EU gas and a quarter of its oil. The bloc is
looking at ways to reduce its dependence on Russian gas by diversifying
suppliers.
Sullivan said the United
States was looking for ways to “surge” LNG supplies to Europe to help.
Biden, for his part, was
expected to detail plans for new sanctions against Russia and humanitarian
assistance for the region.
One new sanctions option that
Biden is weighing is to target members of the Russian State Duma, the lower
house of parliament, according to a U.S. official who spoke on the condition of
anonymity to discuss private deliberations. The new sanctions would be rolled
out in coordination with Western allies.
Biden arrived in Brussels with
Americans increasingly accepting of the need for the U.S. to help stop Putin,
according to a poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs
Research.
But even as concern among
Americans has swelled and and support for a major U.S. role in the conflict
strengthened in the last month, Biden’s negative approval rating has not
budged, the AP-NORC poll found. Few are very confident that he can handle a
crisis, and a majority thinks he lacks toughness in dealing with Russia.
Biden promised voters that he
had the experience to navigate a complicated international emergency like the
one unfolding in Europe and his trip will be the latest test of that
proposition as he tries to maintain unity among Western allies and brace for potentially
even bigger challenges.
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