WASHINGTON, US
Washington this week put under sanctions the Congo River Alliance, known by its French name Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), a coalition of armed groups accused of fuelling violent conflict and civilian displacement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
The US designated individuals
and entities associated with AFC, including former head of the Congolese
electoral commission Corneille Nangaa, at a time a trial at the military court
in Kinshasa started against him, his relatives and his companions accused of
involvement in the rebellion, on July 25.
Nangaa and 24 other people,
including his wife and brother, are being prosecuted in absentia (for Nangaa
and 19 of his companions) for "war crimes, participation in an
insurrectional movement and treason" in the eastern part of the DRC. They
face heavy sentences, including the death penalty, if found guilty.
AFC and its affiliates –
including the US- and UN-designated, M23 rebel group – have called for the
overthrow of the government of the DRC and “have used violence to achieve this
political goal, resulting in serious violations of international law that have
exacerbated a humanitarian crisis in eastern DRC,” said a statement from the US
Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (Ofac).
Washington condemned the
continued displacement of civilians in North Kivu and encirclement of its
provincial capital, Goma, and the human rights abuses committed by M23 in
Masisi, Rutshuru, and Nyiragongo territories, the statement added.
“The US has long sought to
hold accountable those actors' harming civilians and creating instability in
eastern DRC. Today’s measures are intended to support a DRC that is peaceful,
prosperous, and sovereign. We remain committed to supporting regional peace
processes, including the Angola-led Luanda process and East African
Community-led Nairobi process, which seek to create the conditions to end the
hostilities,” it said.
US Treasury has also
sanctioned Bertrand Bisimwa, a leader of the political wing of the M23, and
Charles Sematama, a former colonel in the Congolese army who defected in
January 2020 to Walikale territory in North Kivu before moving to South Kivu
where he is deputy commander of the Twirwaneho militia, an armed group
affiliated to the AFC.
The US Under Secretary of the
Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Brian E. Nelson said the
action “reinforces our commitment to hold accountable those who seek to
perpetuate instability, violence, and harm to civilians to achieve their political
goals."
"We condemn AFC and its
affiliates, including M23, for fuelling this deadly conflict and exacerbating a
humanitarian crisis in eastern DRC," Ofac wrote.
Nangaa launched the Fleuve
Congo alliance in Nairobi in December 2023 and allied himself with the M23, who
have been waging war against the Congolese army and have succeeded in capturing
certain territories in eastern Congo.
Ofac states that the M23
and its allied groups have a "long history of destabilising the DRC's
North Kivu province and perpetrating human rights abuses.
As chair of the Independent
National Electoral Commission, Nangaa was also put under US sanctions for
corruption allegations in 2019, in relation to his role in the December 2018
elections, which Kinshasa said were "democratic” and “enabled the DRC to
experience a peaceful transition … for the first time in the country's
history."
Several other political and
military leaders of the M23 are under sanctions imposed by the US, the UN and
the European Union. These include M23 military spokesman Willy Ngoma and
Sulltani Makenga, the military leader of the M23/AFC.
"AFC's primary member is
M23, a Rwanda-backed rebel group that seized vast swathes of eastern DRC in
2012 and briefly controlled the border city of Goma, before fleeing to
neighbouring Rwanda and Uganda in 2013. Ofac designated M23 on January 3, 2013,
pursuant to E.O. 13413, for committing serious violations of international law
involving the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict in the DRC,
including killing and maiming, sexual violence, abduction, and forced
displacement, and receiving arms and related materiel, including military
aircraft and equipment, or advice, training, or assistance, including financing
and financial assistance, related to military activities in the DRC," Ofac
said.
These sanctions come at a time
when, on the battlefield, the parties to the conflict have been observing a
humanitarian truce for nearly a month at the request of the United States.
The UOFAC freezes all assets
and interests in assets of the designated persons sanctioned which are in the
US or in the possession or control of US. In addition, all entities owned,
directly or indirectly, individually or in the aggregate, 50 percent or more by
one or more blocked persons are also blocked.
Unless authorised by a general
or specific licence issued by Ofac, or exempted, Ofac regulations generally
prohibit all transactions by US persons or within (or in transit through) the
US that involve property or interests in property of designated or otherwise
blocked persons.
Reacting to the sanctions,
Nangaa said:"Neither illegitimate sanctions nor Kafkaesque trials will
shake us in our noble struggle for national recovery! As Congolese citizens,
nothing, and then nothing, will stop us in this struggle for the liberation of
the Congolese people.”
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