DAKAR, Senegal
After armed men killed nine Chinese nationals at a gold mine in Central African Republic in March, a video circulated on the internet saying France had secretly ordered the attack and planned to discredit Russian mercenary group Wagner in the country.
FILE - A demonstrator holds a Russian flag in during a rally in support of Russia's and China's presence in the Central African Republic, in the capital Bangui, March 22, 2023. |
In the video, a Central
African Republic rebel fighter says "the French want to drive Wagner out
of Africa."
The clip rang alarm bells in
Paris at a media monitoring unit within the foreign ministry created last year
as part of a broad diplomatic strategy to revive ties in France's former
African colonies after years of waning influence.
The foreign ministry said the
unit quickly traced the video to a cluster of Facebook and Twitter accounts
with links to Russian disinformation, including from the Wagner Group — an
outfit close to the Kremlin that has troops in Ukraine and has fought on the
side of several governments in Africa.
The video was an example of a
growing Russian influence campaign that amplifies criticisms of France - and
presents Moscow as an ally in Central and West Africa, two diplomats at
France's foreign ministry said. The ministry denied any French role in the mine
attack.
Russian propaganda has found
fertile ground in Africa among grievances over France's decades-old track
record of military intervention and heavy-handed diplomacy, officials said.
Reuters spoke to more than a
dozen French officials who described France's increasingly urgent efforts to
counter Moscow's influence, which Paris believes undermines a long-term
diplomatic effort aimed at overcoming the past - and how it is perceived in
Africa.
In coordination with the French state's service for Vigilance and Protection against Foreign Digital Interference (Viginum), the unit has mapped about 100 Russian- or Wagner-linked accounts putting out anti-French content, according to the two diplomats, who are involved in the initiative and requested anonymity to speak freely. Reuters was not able to independently confirm details of the accounts.
French Foreign Minister
Catherine Colonna told parliament this month that anti-French sentiment in
Africa could partly be blamed on "hostile actors, coming notably from
Russia."
Russia and Wagner have a track
record of media manipulation and disinformation, which Wagner founder Yevgeny
Prigozhin has admitted to. The European Union sanctioned Wagner in February for
alleged rights abuses and spreading disinformation, including in Africa.
In May, Russia's foreign
ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova said France had been interfering in
African nations' internal affairs for decades, toppling leaders it objected to
and building "a neo-colonial system of influence." In contrast, she
said, Russia did not interfere in other countries' affairs.
On June 13, France said it had
uncovered a mass Russian-linked disinformation campaign targeting the foreign
ministry and French media, involving some of the same accounts and actors seen
in its Africa monitoring activities. Russia did not publicly respond to the
allegation.
However, not all anti-French
feeling in Africa can be blamed on Moscow. Analysts point to French military
campaigns that have caused civilian deaths, and many critical social media
statements reflect genuine concerns over France's outsized role in African
affairs.
Some criticisms "are
true," French President Emmanuel Macron told Reuters in Kinshasa at the
end of a four-day central African tour in March, referring to the allegation
France had continued to carry colonial attitudes even after independence in
West Africa.
"We are no longer there
to be the substitute for a coup d'etat or a failing political process,"
Macron said.
The French media monitoring
unit emerged last July, the same month that Paris withdrew thousands of troops
from Mali, a former colony in West Africa. A similar pull-out followed in
neighboring Burkina Faso at the start of this year - steps prompted in part by
military coups and the presence of Wagner mercenaries in the region.
The new team shares its
information with embassies, other French ministries, intelligence agencies and
France's media regulator.
In many cases, including the
Central African Republic video, the unit advises against responding directly,
especially when the content does not appear to be gaining much traction.
Other times, it identifies
which users are most active and takes the information to social media companies
including Facebook and Twitter, alerting them to trolls and fake accounts, two
of the diplomats said.
Sometimes, its work helps the
French state respond. When a video titled "French humiliation"
emerged in December 2022 showing a man falsely portrayed as a French envoy
being expelled from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the unit prepared a
point-by-point response showing that the man was not a French diplomat.
Days later, the French embassy
in Kinshasa issued the response in a series of statements to local and foreign
media. Anne-Sophie Ave, then ambassador for French public diplomacy in Africa,
reacted on Twitter, calling it "fake news."
"The gentleman in the
video is not our ambassador to the DRC," Ave stated.
Wagner, the Kremlin and the
government of Central African Republic did not respond to requests for comment
for this story.
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