By Lolita Baldor, GABORONE,
Botswana
The forced U.S. troop withdrawals from bases in Niger and Chad and the potential to shift some troops to other nations in West Africa will be key issues as the top U.S. military officer meets with his counterparts this week at a chiefs of defense conference.
Gen. CQ Brown, chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, arrived in Botswana Monday as the U.S. faces a critical
inflection point in Africa. Increasingly, military juntas that overthrew
democratic governments in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger are reassessing their
ties to the U.S. and the West and turning instead to mercenaries
linked to Russia for security assistance.
Speaking to reporters as he
traveled to Gaborone, Brown said that as the U.S. pulls its 1,000 troops out of
Niger, including from a critical counterterrorism and drone base there, other
West African nations want to work with the U.S. and may be open to an expanded
American presence.
The conference, he said, will
give him a chance to speak with a number of his African counterparts, and
listen to their objectives and concerns.
“There’s other countries in
the region where we already have either small presence or have relationships,”
Brown said. “Part of this is looking at how we continue to build on those
relationships which may provide opportunities for us to posture some of the
capabilities we had in Niger in some of those locations.”
The U.S. needs to have a
dialogue with those nations to see what type and size U.S. military presence
they would want, he said, adding, “That’s why this conference is important.”
Brown
and other defense officials say the conference is a chance to show African
leaders that the U.S. can listen and accept local solutions. The U.S., said one
defense official, has to adjust to the solutions that Africans have identified
and not impose external Western ideals.
The official, who spoke on
condition of anonymity to discuss military relationships, said the Botswana
meeting is an opportunity to foster military relationships throughout the
continent.
The troop cuts at key bases in
Africa’s Sahel
region raise questions about how to battle what has been a growing
tide of violence by extremist groups, including those linked to the Islamic
State group and al-Qaida.
The defense official said the
U.S. is concerned about the spread of extremist activity from multiple groups
into coastal West Africa in particular.
Niger’s ruling junta ordered
U.S. forces out of the country in the wake of last July’s ouster
of the country’s democratically elected president by mutinous soldiers.French
forces had also been asked to leave as the junta turned to the Russian
mercenary group Wagner for security assistance.
Washington officially
designated the military takeover as a coup in October, triggering U.S. laws
restricting the military support and aid. The fracture has broad ramifications
for the U.S. because it forced troops to abandon the critical drone base at Agadez
that was used for counterterrorism missions in the Sahel.
The senior defense official
said the withdrawal of U.S. forces and all the equipment from Niger is about
30% complete, and will be completed on Sept. 15 as required. The official said
that the pace of the pullout will ebb and flow, as troops leave based on when
their weapons systems and equipment are taken out. Roughly 600 troops currently
remain there.
Soon afterward, Chad ordered
U.S. forces out of Adji Kossei Air Base near N’Djamena. About 75 U.S. Army
special forces relocated to Europe, and about 20 troops remain in the country
along with Marine security forces assigned to the U.S. Embassy.
The U.S. has described the
troop cuts in Chad as temporary and could be revisited now that the
presidential election there is over. And Brown said that the U.S. will work
with the embassy leadership in Chad to take a look at what the future U.S.
presence there will be.
Some African nations have
expressed frustration with the U.S. for forcing issues, such as democracy and
human rights, that many see as hypocrisy, given Washington’s close ties to some
autocratic leaders elsewhere. Meanwhile, Russia offers security assistance
without interfering in politics, making it an appealing partner for military
juntas that seized power in places like Mali,
Niger and Burkina Faso in recent years.
A key element in any U.S.
discussions with African leaders is to recognize that America must calibrate
what it asks and expects of those governments and their militaries, said Mvemba Dizolele, director of the Africa Program at the
Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.
“Security and defense policy
makers in the United States should not approach Africa thinking that deep
inside every African military officer is an American officer waiting to come
out,” said Dizolele. “That’s just not realistic. Every African officer is an
officer who’s trying to do the best within the conditions that they’ve been
dealt.”’
He said the U.S is not always
ready to engage with some African countries because of various obstacles such
as the Leahy Law that prohibits certain military assistance to foreign forces
that violate human rights, and congressional spending restrictions that limit
aid to countries whose leadership was overturned in a coup.
Meanwhile, other countries
such as Russia and China will provide any military aid and equipment that the
African countries can afford to buy, said Dizolele.
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