By Ted Anthony, UNITED NATIONS New
York
Work together. Go it alone. The apocalypse is at hand. But the future can be bright. The squabbles never cease, yet here are human beings from all across the world — hashing out conflicts with words and processes, convening under one roof, trying to write the next chapter of a common dream.
At the United Nations, “multilateralism” is always the goal. Yet so is the
quest for a coherent storyline that unites all 193 member states and their
ideas. Those two holy grails often find themselves at odds when leaders gather
each September at the United Nations — a construct whose very name can be a
two-word contradiction.
You hear a lot about “the
narrative” these days in politics (and everywhere else). It’s a way to punch
through the static and make sure people are absorbing your message — and,
ultimately, doing what you want them to do. But how to establish a coherent storyline
when the very notion of many nations with many voices is baked into the pie to
begin with?
Which raises the bigger
question, the one that sits beneath it all at this assembling of people trying
to figure out how to run their patches of the planet and be part of an
increasingly interconnected civilization: With the 21st century unfolding in
all of its unimaginable complexities and conundrums, with fracture and
fragmentation everywhere, can the world even be governed?
“Yes, it can, but only in the sense that
the world has ever been governed, including in this highly institutionalized
and regulated world — that is, minimally,” Jeffrey
Martinson, an associate professor of political science at Meredith College
in North Carolina, said in an email.
That
truth becomes evident listening to the first two days of leaders’ speeches at
the U.N. General Assembly this week. They are, to put it mildly, a global
festival of competing wants and needs and complaints and demands — with climate
and war and public health and inequality at the center of it all, but
fragmentation and chaos ever-present.
“The world,” said Wavel
Ramkalawan, president of the island nation of Seychelles, “stands at the
brink.”
His sentiment embodies the
main challenge that surfaces each year since shortly after World War II when
leaders have gathered at the United Nations: how exactly to balance hope and cold reality.
For the past several years,
U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres has set the tone with warnings of
darkening skies. His imagery gets more dire each year, and this year he topped
himself. First, in his opening speech Tuesday, he said that “our world is
becoming unhinged.” Then, at a U.N. climate conference on Wednesday, he upped
the ante even more — if that was possible — with the statement that humanity
has “opened the gates to hell.”
Here’s a sampling of what
followed:
— “We are going through a
crisis — possibly the most significant one since the end of the Second World
War,” said Alain Berset, the president of Switzerland.
— “We no longer trust any
narratives,” said Nataša Pirc Musar, the president of Slovenia.
— “We believe that the world
... needs to be reborn,” said El Salvador President Nayib Bukele.
— “Time is running out for all
of us,” said Panamanian President Laurentino Cortizo.
Not exactly excerpts from “The
Power of Positive Thinking.” Yet in listening to the speeches, it became clear
that some of this was merely an attention-getting device. Even Guterres, with
his apocalyptic language, offered ways forward. His answer — unsurprising,
since he hammers it home every year — is a world that is “multipolar” and
multilateral, the collaborative foundations upon which the United Nations was
founded.
“We are rapidly moving towards
a multipolar world,” he said. “This is, in many ways, positive. It brings new
opportunities for justice and balance in international relations. But
multipolarity alone cannot guarantee peace.”
Or even coherence. Being
multilateral means shared responsibility, shared ideas, shared paths forward.
And nations have internal constituencies that often prevent that kind of
cooperation (Exhibit A: Some Americans’ suspicion of the United Nations, a mostly
advisory organization, as the path to a “one-world government”).
“The idea of a single
governing body able to understand and address each country’s needs and
aspirations has proved to be an illusion,” Andrea Molle, a scholar in sociology and political
science at Chapman University in California, said in an email. “One of the
axioms of the system of international relations is that such a system is
intrinsically anarchic.”
Anarchic is right. That’s
going to happen when those 193 members try to form a family and get along under
one roof. But the goal — a shared vision, but multilateral — is always the
United Nations’ most elusive quarry.
“We seem incapable of coming
together to respond,” Guterres said in his opening speech Tuesday. Here’s the
thing, though: He may have been right, but he was also wrong.
Because before him sat scores
of leaders and deputy leaders and ministers and diplomats, who traveled a total
of more than a million miles to be on one patch of land in New York City to
talk, to hear others talk and to try to work it out. It’s chaos, but it’s chaos
sublimated.
“One can argue this question
of governance has always plagued the United Nations,” Katie Laatikainen, a professor of political science and
international relations at Adelphi University in New York, said in an email.
“Perhaps governing and a unified narrative are too ambitious for an
organization like the U.N. Creative problem-solving and inclusion are worthy
goals of multilateralism, and the U.N. has a respectable record in that
regard.”
Maybe that’s enough. Maybe
that’s also what makes the most intricate era in human history governable:
Sometimes we don’t just kill each other. Sometimes, like this week, we draw
together with all our contentiousness and all our ego, and we sit down and try
to work it out. Maybe that act of trying is the entire point.
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