UNITED NATIONS, New York
The United Nations Security Council voted Tuesday to accede to a demand from the Democratic Republic of Congo and launch a gradual withdrawal of UN peacekeepers starting this month, a year earlier than originally planned.
The resolution, which renews
the mandate of the peacekeeping mission in DRC for a further year, includes
plans for the departure of peacekeepers from South Kivu province by the end of
April.
The drawdown comes despite
United Nations concern about violence in the eastern part of the country.
Ravaged by conflict, the vast
and impoverished DR Congo will host high-risk presidential and parliamentary
elections on Wednesday, a vote that coincides with the expiry of the annual
mandate of the UN peacekeeping mission, known as Monusco.
Despite a volatile domestic
situation, the Congolese government has for months been calling for an
accelerated withdrawal of UN peacekeepers, from the end of 2023 rather than the
end of 2024. It considers the UN force to be ineffective in protecting civilians
from the armed groups and militias that have plagued the eastern DRC for three
decades.
The accusation is similar to
that made by other African countries, notably Mali, which has demanded the
emergency departure of the UN Minusma mission.
In recent months, several
Council members, notably the United States, have expressed doubts as to whether
DRC forces are ready to replace Monusco to ensure the security of the
population.
However, as UN missions cannot
operate without the authorization of host countries, the DRC forced the
Security Council's hand -- though its messaging has been less forceful than
Mali's.
"Members of this council
will be watching very closely as the DRC government looks to assume full
responsibility for the protection of its civilians as Monusco draws down,"
said United States Deputy Ambassador to the UN Robert Wood.
The Council decided to
"initiate the gradual, responsible and sustainable withdrawal" of the
mission, in line with a withdrawal plan agreed in November between Kinshasa and
Monusco.
The first phase includes the
withdrawal of peacekeepers from South Kivu province by the end of April 2024,
beginning "before the end of 2023," according to the resolution seen
by AFP ahead of the vote.
The DRC's ambassador to the UN
Zenon Ngay Mukongo spoke only briefly to thank the council.
From May 2024, Monusco will be
present only in North Kivu and Ituri. From July 1, its strength will be reduced
by some 2,350 personnel from a maximum authorized strength of around 13,800
military and police personnel.
Further withdrawal will be
determined on the basis of an evaluation report on the first phase, which the
Council expects by the end of June 2024.
A UN peacekeeping force has
been present in the country since 1999. For several years, the Security Council
has been cautiously disengaging, setting broad parameters for the transfer of
responsibilities to Congolese forces, with an aim to begin withdrawing by 2024.
While the head of Monusco,
Bintou Keita, recently expressed concern about an increased risk of
"direct military confrontation" between the DRC and Rwanda, the
resolution also called for "calm and dialogue" between the two
neighbours.
Without naming anyone, it also
condemned "support by any external party" for the armed groups of the
M23 (March 23 Movement) and the FDLR (Democratic Forces for the Liberation of
Rwanda), and called for the withdrawal of these external parties from Congolese
territory.
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