GENEVA, Switzerland
One
hundred days into Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the war has brought
the world a near-daily drumbeat of gut wrenching scenes: Civilian corpses in
the streets of Bucha; a
blown-up theater in Mariupol; the chaos at a Kramatorsk train station
in the wake of a Russian missile strike.The body of a serviceman is coated in snow next to a destroyed Russian military multiple rocket launcher vehicle on the outskirts of Kharkiv, Ukraine, on Feb. 25, 2022.
Those images tell just a part
of the overall picture of Europe’s
worst armed conflict in decades. Here’s a look at some numbers and
statistics that — while in flux and at times uncertain — shed further light on
the death, destruction, displacement and economic havoc wrought by the war as
it reaches this milestone with no end in sight.
THE HUMAN TOLL
Nobody really knows how many
combatants or civilians have died, and claims of casualties by government
officials — who may sometimes be exaggerating or lowballing their figures for
public relations reasons — are all but impossible to verify.
Government officials, U.N.
agencies and others who carry out the grim task of counting the dead don’t
always get access to places where people were killed.
And Moscow has released scant
information about casualties among its forces and allies, and given no
accounting of civilian deaths in areas under its control. In some places — such
as the long-besieged
city of Mariupol, potentially the war’s biggest killing field — Russian
forces are accused of trying to cover up deaths and dumping bodies into mass
graves, clouding the overall toll.
With all those caveats, “at
least tens of thousands” of Ukrainian civilians have died so far, President
Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Thursday in comments to Luxembourg’s parliament.
In Mariupol alone, officials
have reported over 21,000 civilian dead. Sievierodonetsk, a city in the eastern
region of Luhansk that has become the focus of Russia’s offensive, has seen
roughly 1,500 casualties, according to the mayor.
Such estimates comprise both
those killed by Russian strikes or troops and those who succumbed to secondary
effects such as hunger and sickness as food supplies and health services
collapsed.
Zelenskyy said this week that
60 to 100 Ukrainian soldiers are dying in combat every day, with about 500 more
wounded.
Russia’s last publicly
released figures for its own forces came March 25, when a general told state
media that 1,351 soldiers had been killed and 3,825 wounded.
Ukraine and Western observers
say the real number is much higher: Zelenskyy said Thursday that more than
30,000 Russian servicemen have died — “more than the Soviet Union lost in 10
years of the war in Afghanistan”; in late April, the British government
estimated Russian losses at 15,000.
Speaking on condition of
anonymity Wednesday to discuss intelligence matters, a Western official said
Russia is “still taking casualties, but ... in smaller numbers.” The official
estimated that some 40,000 Russian troops have been wounded.
In Moscow-backed separatist
enclaves in eastern Ukraine, authorities have reported over 1,300 fighters lost
and nearly 7,500 wounded in the Donetsk region, along with 477 dead civilians
and nearly 2,400 wounded; plus 29 civilians killed and 60 wounded in Luhansk.
THE DEVASTATION
Relentless shelling, bombing
and airstrikes have reduced large swaths of many cities and towns to rubble.
Ukraine’s parliamentary
commission on human rights says Russia’s military has destroyed almost 38,000
residential buildings, rendering about 220,000
people homeless.
Nearly 1,900 educational facilities
from kindergartens to grade schools to universities have been damaged,
including 180 completely ruined.
Other infrastructure losses
include 300 car and 50 rail bridges, 500 factories and about 500 damaged
hospitals, according to Ukrainian officials.
The World Health Organization
has tallied 296 attacks on hospitals, ambulances and medical workers in Ukraine
this year.
FLEEING HOME
The U.N. refugee agency UNHCR
estimates that about 6.8 million people have been driven out of Ukraine at some
point during the conflict.
But since fighting subsided in
the area near Kyiv and elsewhere, and Russian forces redeployed to the east and
south, about 2.2 million have returned to the country, it says.
The U.N.’s International
Organization for Migration estimates that as of May 23 there were more than 7.1
million internally displaced people — that is, those who fled their homes but
remain in the country. That’s down from over 8 million in an earlier count.
LAND SEIZED
Ukrainian officials say that
before the February invasion, Russia controlled some 7% of Ukrainian territory
including Crimea, which Russia annexed in 2014, and areas held by the
separatists in Donetsk and Luhansk. On Thursday, Zelenskyy said Russian forces
now held 20% of the country.
While the front lines are
constantly shifting, that amounts to an additional 58,000 square kilometers
(22,000 square miles) under Russian control, a total area slightly larger than
Croatia or a little smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia.
THE ECONOMIC FALLOUT IN RUSSIA
AND UKRAINE ...
The West has levied a host of
retaliatory sanctions against Moscow including on the crucial oil and gas
sectors, and Europe is beginning to wean itself from its dependence on Russian
energy.
Evgeny Gontmakher, academic director of European Dialogue, wrote in a paper this week that Russia currently faces over 5,000 targeted sanctions, more than any other country. Some $300 billion of Russian gold and foreign exchange reserves in the West have been frozen, he added, and air traffic in the country dropped from 8.1 million to 5.2 million passengers between January and March.
Additionally, the Kyiv School
of Economics has reported that more than 1,000 “self-sanctioning”
companies have curtailed their operations in Russia.
The MOEX Russia stock index
has plunged by about a quarter since just before the invasion and is down
nearly 40 percent from the start of the year. And the Russian Central Bank said
last week that annualized inflation came in at 17.8 percent in April.
Ukraine, meanwhile, has
reported suffering a staggering economic blow: 35% of GDP wiped out by the war.
“Our direct losses today
exceed $600 billion,” Andriy Yermak, the head of Zelenskyy’s office, said
recently.
Ukraine, a major agricultural
producer, says it has been unable to export some 22 million tons of grain. It
blames a backlog of shipments on Russian blockades or capture of key ports.
Zelenskyy accused Russia this week of stealing at least a half-million tons of
grain during the invasion.
... AND THE WORLD
The fallout has rippled around
the globe, further driving up costs for basic goods on top of inflation that
was already in full swing in many places before the invasion.
Crude oil prices in London and
New York have risen by 20 to 25 percent, resulting in higher prices at the pump
and for an array of petroleum-based products.
Developing countries are being
squeezed particularly hard by higher costs of food, fuel and financing,
according to economist Richard Kozul-Wright of the U.N. Conference on Trade and
Development
Wheat supplies have been
disrupted in African
nations, which imported 44% of their wheat from Russia and Ukraine in
the years immediately before the invasion. The African Development Bank has
reported a 45% increase in continental prices for the grain, affecting
everything from Mauritanian couscous to the fried donuts sold in Congo. - AFP
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