GENEVA,
Switzerland
Three months after the Trump administration rejected her, former Nigerian finance minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala received unanimous backing on Monday to become the first woman and first African director-general of the World Trade Organization.
A self-declared “doer” with a
track record of taking on seemingly intractable problems, Okonjo-Iweala will
have her work cut out for her at the trade body, even with Donald Trump, who
had threatened to pull the United States out of the organisation, no longer in
the White House.
As director-general, a position
that wields limited formal power, Okonjo-Iweala, 66, will need to broker
international trade talks in the face of persistent U.S.-China conflict; respond
to pressure to reform trade rules; and counter protectionism heightened by the
COVID-19 pandemic.
“What it (the WTO) needs is
someone who has the capability to drive reform, who knows trade and who does
not want to see business as usual. And that is me,” she said on Monday.
Earlier she told Reuters in an
interview that her top priority would be to ensure the trade body does more to
address the COVID-19 pandemic, calling the disparities in vaccine rates between
rich and poor countries “unconscionable” and urging members to lift export
restrictions on medical items.
She also expressed confidence
that her priorities were aligned with Washington’s.
“I think our interests and
priorities are aligned. They want to bring the WTO back to (its) purpose,” she
told Reuters.
The U.S. delegate said that
Washington was committed to working closely with her and would be a
“constructive partner”.
China’s delegate pledged “full
support” for her.
EU trade commissioner Valdis
Dombrovskis said he looked forward to working closely with her to drive
“much-needed reform of the institution”.
A 25-year veteran of the World
Bank, where she oversaw an $81 billion portfolio, Okonjo-Iweala ran against
seven other candidates by espousing a belief in trade’s ability to lift people
out of poverty.
She studied development economics
at Harvard after experiencing civil war in Nigeria as a teenager. She returned
to the country in 2003 to serve as finance minister and backers point to her
hard-nose negotiating skills that helped seal a deal to cancel billions of
dollars of Nigerian debt with the Paris Club of creditor nations in 2005.
“She brings stature, she brings
experience, a network and a temperament of trying to get things done, which is
quite a welcome lot in my view,” former WTO chief Pascal Lamy told Reuters last
week. “I think she’s a good choice.”
Key to her success will be her
ability to operate in the centre of a “U.S.-EU-China triangle”, he said.
The endorsement of the Biden
administration cleared the last obstacle to her appointment and she is due to
begin March 1.
Okonjo-Iweala, who goes by ‘Dr.
Ngozi’, becomes one of the few female heads of a major multilateral body. When
she joins the WTO’s Geneva lakeside headquarters her portrait is set to be hung
beside others of men, mostly white and from rich countries.
The Trump administration’s main
criticism of her was that she lacked direct trade experience compared to her
main South Korean rival and even supporters say she will have to quickly get up
to speed on the technicalities of trade negotiations.
She has rejected this, saying
that she has plenty of experience of trade, plus other expertise.
Asked about how she took the
Trump rejection, she replied: “When things happen you take them in your stride
and move on”.
Raised by academics, the
mother-of-four earned a reputation for hard work and modesty amid the pomp of
Nigeria’s governing class, acquaintances say.
“She is persistent and stubborn,”
said Kingsley Moghalu, former deputy governor of Nigeria’s central bank who
worked with her when she was the country’s first female finance minister.
Nigeria’s President Muhammadu
Buhari welcomed her election, saying it brought “more joy and honour to the
country’.
Her appointment also was welcomed
by people in the streets of Nigeria’s capital Abuja where Ibe Joy, who works in
marketing, said Okonjo-Iweala’s achievements were an inspiration to young
women. “If she can do it, we all can do it,” said Joy.
The 26-year-old WTO that
Okonjo-Iweala inherits after a six-month leadership gap is partially paralysed,
thanks to the Trump administration which blocked appointments to its top
appeals body that acts as the global arbiter of trade disputes.
But even before Trump,
negotiators had struggled to clinch deals that must be agreed by consensus,
with the United States and other developed WTO members arguing that developing
countries, notably China, cannot cling on to exceptions and that rules need to
change to reflect China’s economic growth.
Okonjo-Iweala, who is a special
envoy for the World Health Organization on COVID-19 and, until recently chair
of the board of global vaccine alliance Gavi, said on Monday she wanted to
build a framework on pandemic response “so that next time we don’t waste time
trying to figure out how to respond”.
WHO Director-General Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus called Okonjo-Iweala the “WTO’s perfect chief”.
The WTO currently faces deadlock
over an issue of waiving intellectual property rights for COVID-19 drugs, with
many wealthy countries opposed.
High on the to-do list will also
be fisheries subsidies, the subject of the WTO’s main multilateral talks that
missed a deadline to conclude by end-2020. She told journalists on Monday she
thought a deal on this was “within reach”.
Asked about the challenges ahead,
she joked that a book she wrote about fixing Nigeria’s broken institutions
could well apply to today’s WTO: ‘Reforming the Unreformable’.
“I feel I can solve the problems. I’m a known reformer, not someone who talks about it,” she told Reuters in an earlier interview. “I’ve actually done it”. - Reuters
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