JAKARTA, Indonesia
Indonesia’s navy ships on Thursday were intensely searching for a submarine that likely fell too deep to retrieve, making survival chances for the 53 people on board slim. Authorities said oxygen in the submarine would run out by early Saturday.
The
diesel-powered KRI Nanggala 402 was participating in a training exercise
Wednesday when it missed a scheduled reporting call. Officials reported an oil
slick and the smell of diesel fuel near the starting position of its last dive,
about 96 kilometers (60 miles) north of the resort island of Bali, though
there has been no conclusive evidence that they are linked to the submarine.
“Hopefully
we can rescue them before the oxygen has run out” at 3 a.m. on Saturday,
Indonesia’s navy chief of staff, Adm. Yudo Margono, told reporters.
He
said rescuers found an unidentified object with high magnetism in the area and
that officials hope it’s the submarine.
The
navy believes the submarine sank to a depth of 600-700 meters (2,000-2,300
feet) — much deeper than its collapse depth estimated at 200 meters (656 feet)
by a firm that refitted the vessel in 2009-2012.
Ahn
Guk-hyeon, an official from South Korea’s Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering,
said the submarine would collapse if it goes deeper than around 200 meters
because of pressure. He said his company upgraded much of the Indonesian
submarine’s internal structures and systems but it lacks latest information
about the vessel.
Frank
Owen, secretary of the Submarine Institute of Australia, also said the
submarine could be at too great a depth for a rescue team to operate.
“Most
rescue systems are really only rated to about 600 meters (1,969 feet),” he
said. “They can go deeper than that because they will have a safety margin
built into the design, but the pumps and other systems that are associated with
that may not have the capacity to operate. So they can survive at that depth,
but not necessarily operate.”
Owen, a former submariner who developed an Australian submarine rescue system, said the Indonesian vessel was not fitted with a rescue seat around an escape hatch designed for underwater rescues. He said a rescue submarine would make a waterproof connection to a disabled submarine with a so-called skirt fitted over the recue seat so that the hatch can be opened without the disabled submarine filling with water.
Owen
said the submarine could be recovered from 500 meters (1,640 feet) without any
damage but couldn’t say if it would have imploded at 700 meters (2,297 feet).
In
November 2017, an Argentine submarine went missing with 44 crew members in the
South Atlantic, almost a year before its wreckage was found at a depth of 800
meters (2,625 feet). In 2019, a fire broke out on one of the Russian navy’s
deep-sea research submersibles, killing 14 sailors.
Indonesia’s
military said Thursday that more than 20 navy ships, two submarines and five
aircraft were searching an area where the submarine was last detected. A
hydro-oceanographic survey ship equipped with underwater detection capabilities
also was on its way to the site around the oil spills.
Margono
said the oil slick may have been caused by a crack in the submarine’s tank
after the vessel sank.
Neighboring
countries are rushing to join the complex operation.
Rescue
ships from Singapore and Malaysia are expected to arrive between Saturday and
Monday. The Indonesian military said Australia, the United States, Germany,
France, Russia, India and Turkey have also offered assistance. South Korea said
it has also offered help.
“The
news of the missing submarine is deeply concerning,” Australian Foreign
Minister Marise Payne said during a visit to New Zealand. “We will provide any
assistance that we can. There’s no question that submarine search and rescues
are very complex.”
Australian
Defense Minister Peter Dutton called the incident “a terrible tragedy.” He told
Sydney Radio 2GB that fact that the submarine is “in a very deep part of
waters” makes it “very difficult for the recovery or for location.”
“Our
fervent prayers and hopes go out to the crew of KRI Nanggala, for their safety
and resilience,” Singapore’s Defense Minister Ng Eng Hen wrote on Facebook.
Indonesia’s
navy said an electrical failure may have occurred during the dive, causing the
submarine to lose control and become unable to undertake emergency procedures
that would have allowed it to resurface. It was rehearsing for a missile-firing
exercise on Thursday, which was eventually canceled.
The
German-built submarine, which has been in service in Indonesia since 1981, was
carrying 49 crew members, its commander and three gunners, the Indonesian
Defense Ministry said. It had maintenance and overhaul in Germany, Indonesia
and most recently in South Korea, from 2007 to 2012.
The
world’s largest archipelago nation with more than 17,000 islands has faced
growing challenges to its maritime claims in recent years, including numerous
incidents involving Chinese vessels near the Natuna islands.
Last
year, President Joko Widodo reaffirmed the country’s sovereignty during a visit
to the islands at the edge of the South China Sea, one of the busiest sea lanes
where China is embroiled in territorial disputes with its smaller neighbors.
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